MSFT

Microsoft Corporation
Technology·Software - Infrastructure
Current Price
$401.70
Market Cap
$2.99T
Net Debt
-$51.4B
Shares Outstanding
7.43B

Financial Statements

MetricFY2010FY2011FY2012FY2013FY2014FY2015FY2016FY2017FY2018FY2019FY2020FY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025TTM (Q2 FY2026)
Revenue$62.5B$69.9B$73.7B$77.8B$86.8B$93.6B$85.3B$90.0B$110.4B$125.8B$143.0B$168.1B$198.3B$211.9B$245.1B$281.7B$298.4B
Revenue Growth11.9%5.4%5.6%11.5%7.8%-8.8%5.4%22.7%14.0%13.6%17.5%18.0%6.9%15.7%14.9%14.4%
Operating Income$24.1B$27.2B$21.8B$26.8B$27.8B$18.2B$20.2B$22.3B$35.1B$43.0B$53.0B$69.9B$83.4B$88.5B$109.4B$128.5B$136.8B
Operating Margin38.6%38.8%29.5%34.4%32.0%19.4%23.7%24.8%31.8%34.1%37.0%41.6%42.1%41.8%44.6%45.6%45.8%
Net Income$18.8B$23.1B$17.0B$21.9B$22.1B$12.2B$16.8B$21.2B$16.6B$39.2B$44.3B$61.3B$72.7B$72.4B$88.1B$101.8B$106.4B
Net Margin30.0%33.1%23.0%28.1%25.4%13.0%19.7%23.6%15.0%31.2%31.0%36.5%36.7%34.1%36.0%36.1%35.7%
EPS (Diluted)$2.10$2.69$2.00$2.58$2.63$1.48$2.10$2.71$2.13$5.06$5.76$8.05$9.65$9.68$11.80$13.64$14.25
Free Cash Flow$22.1B$24.6B$29.3B$24.6B$26.7B$23.1B$25.0B$31.4B$32.3B$38.3B$45.2B$56.1B$65.1B$59.5B$74.1B$71.6B$67.6B
FCF Margin35.4%35.2%39.8%31.6%30.8%24.7%29.3%34.9%29.2%30.4%31.6%33.4%32.9%28.1%30.2%25.4%22.6%

Historical Cash Flows

Historical Cash Flows

($M)FY2010FY2011FY2012FY2013FY2014FY2015FY2016FY2017FY2018FY2019FY2020FY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025
Revenue$62.5B$69.9B$73.7B$77.8B$86.8B$93.6B$85.3B$90.0B$110.4B$125.8B$143.0B$168.1B$198.3B$211.9B$245.1B$281.7B
Growth11.9%5.4%5.6%11.5%7.8%-8.8%5.4%22.7%14.0%13.6%17.5%18.0%6.9%15.7%14.9%
EBIT$24.1B$27.2B$21.8B$26.8B$27.8B$18.2B$20.2B$22.3B$35.1B$43.0B$53.0B$69.9B$83.4B$88.5B$109.4B$128.5B
EBIT Margin38.6%38.8%29.5%34.4%32.0%19.4%23.7%24.8%31.8%34.1%37.0%41.6%42.1%41.8%44.6%45.6%
NOPAT$17.8B$22.2B$16.5B$21.6B$22.0B$11.8B$17.2B$20.4B$17.5B$38.5B$44.2B$60.1B$72.4B$71.6B$89.8B$106.7B
D&A$1.8B$2.0B$2.2B$2.6B$3.4B$4.1B$4.9B$6.1B$7.7B$9.7B$10.7B$9.3B$12.6B$11.0B$15.2B$22.0B
CapEx$2.0B$2.4B$2.3B$4.3B$5.5B$5.9B$8.3B$8.1B$11.6B$13.9B$15.4B$20.6B$23.9B$28.1B$44.5B$64.6B
ΔNWC$0$16.6B$6.3B$11.7B$4.6B$6.2B$5.4B$15.0B$15.8B-$5.0B$3.5B-$13.9B-$21.1B$5.5B-$45.7B$15.5B
Unlevered FCF$17.7B$5.3B$10.1B$8.3B$15.4B$3.8B$8.3B$3.3B-$2.3B$39.3B$36.0B$62.6B$82.3B$49.0B$106.2B$48.7B

DCF Valuation

Adjust the assumptions below to derive your own intrinsic value. All calculations update in real-time.

Perpetuity Growth
$317.24
vs $401.70-21.0%
Exit Multiple
$543.31
vs $401.70+35.3%

Projected Cash Flows

($M)Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5
Revenue$333.3B$382.9B$428.9B$471.8B$509.5B
Revenue % Chg.
%
%
%
%
%
EBIT$153.3B$178.1B$201.6B$221.7B$239.5B
EBIT Margin
%
%
%
%
%
Tax Rate
%
%
%
%
%
NOPAT$124.9B$145.1B$164.3B$180.7B$195.2B
NOPAT Margin37.5%37.9%38.3%38.3%38.3%
D&A$46.7B$53.6B$55.8B$56.6B$61.1B
D&A / Revenue
%
%
%
%
%
CapEx$83.3B$84.2B$85.8B$84.9B$81.5B
CapEx / Revenue
%
%
%
%
%
Chg. NWC$6.7B$7.7B$8.6B$9.4B$10.2B
NWC / Revenue
%
%
%
%
%
Unlevered FCF$81.6B$106.8B$125.7B$143.0B$164.6B
PV of UFCF$74.9B$89.9B$97.1B$101.3B$107.0B
Σ PV of UFCF$74.9B$164.8B$261.9B$363.1B$470.1B
%
%
x

Valuation Waterfall

Perpetuity Method

PV of FCFs$470.1B
PV of Terminal Value$1.84T
Enterprise Value$2.31T
Less: Net Debt$51.4B
Equity Value$2.36T

Exit Multiple Method (EV/EBITDA)

PV of FCFs$470.1B
PV of Terminal Value$3.52T
Enterprise Value$3.99T
Less: Net Debt$51.4B
Equity Value$4.04T

Sensitivity Analysis

WACC vs Terminal Growth (Perpetuity)

WACC \ Terminal Growth2.0%2.5%3.0%3.5%4.0%
7.0%$396.09$433.63$480.56$540.90$621.34
8.0%$328.25$352.91$382.51$418.68$463.89
9.0%$279.88$297.12$317.24$341.00$369.53
10.0%$243.68$256.29$270.69$287.31$306.70
11.0%$215.59$225.13$235.85$248.01$261.90

WACC vs Exit Multiple

WACC \ Exit Multiple (EV/EBITDA)12x15x18x21x24x
7.0%$420.03$506.54$593.04$679.55$766.06
8.0%$402.34$484.92$567.49$650.07$732.65
9.0%$385.59$464.45$543.31$622.16$701.02
10.0%$369.72$445.05$520.39$595.73$671.07
11.0%$354.67$426.67$498.68$570.68$642.68

Investment Thesis

Microsoft is the dominant enterprise software and cloud infrastructure platform, with Azure benefiting from AI workload migration. Operating margins continue expanding (42% → 46%) despite massive CapEx investment. Net cash position of $49B provides financial strength.

Bull Case

  • +Azure growth accelerating from AI workload migration (+30% YoY)
  • +Operating margins expanding toward 48-49% with scale leverage
  • +Copilot monetization across Office 365, GitHub, Dynamics
  • +CapEx normalizes from peak FY2026-27, unlocking FCF growth
  • +AAA credit rating with $49B net cash position

Bear Case

  • -Massive CapEx ($83B+ annually) may not generate adequate returns
  • -Azure competition from AWS and GCP intensifying
  • -AI investment cycle may compress margins before payoff
  • -Regulatory scrutiny on market dominance and OpenAI partnership
  • -Cyclical PC market weakness impacting More Personal Computing segment

Key Catalysts

  • Azure growth trajectory and AI revenue contribution
  • CapEx normalization timeline (expected FY2028+)
  • Copilot adoption rates and ARPU expansion
  • Q3 FY2026 earnings (Jan-Mar 2026 quarter)
  • OpenAI partnership evolution and competitive dynamics

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Disclaimer: This is not investment advice. All projections are estimates based on publicly available data. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Always do your own research before making investment decisions. Last updated: 2026-01-29.